Gene mutation happens when there is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. It has two types:
Point mutation
Frameshift mutation
Point mutation involves change in a single DNA nucleotide which will affect the sequence of codons and amino acids in transcription and translation. It can either be nonsense, missense or silent mutation. Frameshift mutation, on the other hand, is a mutation caused by insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides that disrupt the reading frame of the codons.
What are the types of point mutation?
Nonsense mutation happens when a change in the nucleotide sequence codes for a premature STOP codon. Missense mutation happens when a change in the nucleotide sequence codes for a DIFFERENT amino acid. Silent mutation happens when a change in the nucleotide sequence codes for THE SAME amino acid.
What are the types of frameshift mutation?
Insertion happens when a nucleotide is inserted in the original sequence. Deletion happens when a nucleotide is deleted or cut off from the original sequence.